"Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience..." John Milton
John Milton's Paradise Lost & the art of Summary: Paradise Lost is much too big to cover in one class - and as this reading always fell (no pun intended) right before my students started on their research paper, I used that "bigness" to my students' advantage. After they had read (either 1/2 or the whole) excerpt of Paradise Lost in their text book - I would have them - in this exercise - get together with a partner and summarize each of the sections. Each set of partners is also instructed to find another set of partners so they can quickly look over each other's work - and give them advise. In order to summarize what happened - they first have to understand what happens and that is the key to this exercise. I give them a few clues - a few good practices and very little time to get the entire summary done - giving them the resilience and skills to quickly (and accurately) summarize the readings that they will be doing at the library for their research papers. The really wonderful part of this lesson is, besides giving them skills for their upcoming research paper, it will give them the basic script for the next lesson: Acting Out "Paradise Lost".
The purpose of this lesson is three fold: 1) to make sure they understood - and to help each other (partners) understand Paradise Lost. 2) To practice how to quickly summarize material, in preparation for the research paper. 3) To write summaries of sections of Paradise Lost, that they will then use in the next lesson - where they will be dramatically acting out Milton's Epic. The work is done in partners and with another group of partners to check each other's work.
A choice - you can either divide the quizzes into two parts (1/2 of the reading ("Paradise Lost" excerpt and background material) OR you can give a quiz on the entire reading at once. I usually broke the reading into two parts, but then gave the Entire Reading Quiz after the reading for the second part was due. As such, the quiz was usually worth 200 points. I've included both versions below - though I have yet to find my quiz for the second part of the reading.
It makes the most sense to give the same directions that the students will get on their handouts, here. Essentially - the students have the period to summarize the 15 different sections of their reading before the period ends. Though a goal of the lesson is to teach students how to summarize thoughtfully and accurately - almost important of a goal is to teach them how to do so quickly (this was used right before they began their Research Paper project). The students must have these finished by the end of the period - and bring them with them to the next class, so that they can epically act out John Milton's Epic Poem, Paradise Lost. Here are my instructions to the students as they appear on the handout (found below):
Find a partner. You and your partner should then find another set of partners that you will check your work in-with periodically. EVERYBODY WRITES
1. You are to fill out the attached chart for the excerpt of Paradise Lost from your text. One partner – put times next to every-other heading SO YOU FINISH. When time runs out, Go to the next one – even if you don’t complete your summary. Give yourself an extra minute for the first three summaries – to give yourself time to get into a groove. DO NOT SPLIT these up – work together.
2. You will notice the first few heading are summarized (very roughly) for you. Keep in mind that a heading (or a title for that matter) is in itself a summary.
3. For those Sections (V. onward) that do not have headings, you will need to supply one (or do a rough summary of the entire set of lines)
4. Next you will need to do a more detailed summary; one that captures most of what happens in those lines, but is clearly put in your own words. Do NOT substitute word for word, and in most cases you will not paraphrase (no room) but will give a broader summary that does not cover every point found in the original.
5. After every two or three headings (sections) check with your other set of partners, compare notes, and check each other for plagiarism and misquotes.
This first quiz is just on the introduction to Milton and Paradise Lost, including the biographical material.
This quiz is for the entire reading - the biographical material, the intro to the poem, and the extract from Paradise Lost, itself. Note that this quiz is twice as long as most of my quizzes as the reading was longer - it will count for 150-200 points as opposed to the usual 100 points.
Paradise Lost & the Art of Summary - Handout Docx PDF
The handout has the instructions for the students (see above - the instructions are given in full) and space for them to fill in the summaries for each of the sections. Note that the first first five sections also have the Title of that section provided - thereafter, the students must give a title for the section as well as their summary. This is perfect, as a title is really just a very compact summary.
I did this remotely - and it worked well with groups of four students getting into their Google Meet Rooms. Though we weren't able to do the next class's exercise (acting the epic poem out - we did watch what students from past years did - thereby giving a wonderful discussion on what we was different during the pandemic - and what we were missing.
Now that the students have made summaries of their excerpt from Milton's Paradise Lost - it is time to get them up on their feet and have them act it out. The truly great thing about this two-day process is that by the end of it (including a very short discussion after today's activity) they will have an excellent understanding of Milton's text. In order to make yesterday's summaries - they needed to understand what was going on in the text. Today - by acting out their summaries - they will not only be checking on yesterday's work - they will also be showing another deep understanding of Paradise Lost.
John Milton & "On His Blindness": Making the Most of your Talents
I know there are some teachers who believe you should never introduce stress and anxiety into the classroom. However, I believe it's so helpful to our students to do exactly that in a controlled, warm and supportive environment. The students will have to work and focus like the dickens to get these summaries done by the end of the period - and yet, that will give them the skills and resilience they will need when they go "out into the wild" to do their own research and discovery.